CX3CL1

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Hemokin (C-X3-C motiv) ligand 1
Dostupne strukture
1b2t, 1f2l
Identifikatori
SimboliCX3CL1; NTN; ABCD-3; C3Xkine; CXC3; CXC3C; NTT; SCYD1; fractalkine; neurotactin
Vanjski IDOMIM: 601880 MGI: 1097153 HomoloGene: 2251 GeneCards: CX3CL1 Gene
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija • aktivnost hemokina
Celularna komponenta • ekstracelularni region
• ekstracelularni prostor
• ćelijska površina
• membrana
• integralno sa membranom plazme
Biološki proces • odbrambeni odgovor
• imunski odgovor
• ćelijska adhezija
• citokin i hemokin posredovani signalni put
• leukocit hemotaksa
• pozitivna regulacija inflamatornog odgovora
• leukocitna adhezivna aktivacija
• pozitivna regulacija kalcijum-nezavisne interćelijske adhezije
Pregled RNK izražavanja
podaci
Ortolozi
VrstaČovekMiš
Entrez637620312
EnsemblENSG00000006210ENSMUSG00000031778
UniProtP78423Q8C9Y1
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_002996NM_009142
RefSeq (protein)NP_002987NP_033168
Lokacija (UCSC)Chr 16:
55.96 - 55.98 Mb		Chr 8:
97.66 - 97.67 Mb
PubMed pretraga[1][2]

CX3CL1, hemokin (C-X3-C motiv) ligand 1, je veliki citokin protein sa 373 aminokiseline. On sadrži više domena. Ovo je jedini član CX3C hemokin familije. On je poznat pod imenima fraktalkin (kod ljudi) i neurotaktin (kod miševa).[1][2] Polipeptidna struktura CXC3L1 se razlikuje od tipične strukture drugih hemokina. Na primer, razmak između karakterističnih N-terminalnih cisteina je različit; postoje tri aminokiseline između inicijalnog para cisteina u CX3CL1, koji se ne javljaju u CC hemokinima. Postoji samo jedna aminokiselina u tom segmentu CXC hemokina. CX3CL1 se proizvodi kao dugački protein (sa 373 aminokiseline kod ljudi) sa produženim poput mucina stablom i hemokin domenom na vrhu. Mucinu-slično stablo dozvoljava mu da se veže na površinu pojedinih ćelija. Rastvorna (90 kD) verzija ovog hemokina takođe je bila primećena. Rastvorni CX3CL1 je potencijalni hemoatraktant T ćelija i monocita, dok hemokin vezan za ćeliju promoviše snažnu adheziju leukocita na aktivirane endotelne ćelije, gde je on prvenstveno izražen.[2] CX3CL1 izaziva svoje adhezivne i migratorne funkcije putem interakcija sa hemokin receptorom CX3CR1.[3] Njegov gene je lociran na ljudskom hromozom 16 zajedno sa nekim CC hemokinima poznatim kao CCL17 i CCL22.[2][4][5]

Reference

  1. ↑ Pan et al. (1997). „Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation”. Nature 387: 611-617. 
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Bazan et al. (1997). „A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif”. Nature 385: 640-644. 
  3. ↑ Imai et al. (1997). „Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion”. Cell 91: 521-530. 
  4. ↑ Nomiyama et al. (1998). „Human chemokines fractalkine (SCYD1), MDC (SCYA22) and TARC (SCYA17) are clustered on chromosome 16q13. Cytogenet”. Cell Genet 81: 10-11. 
  5. ↑ Mire-Sluis, Anthony R.; Thorpe, Robin, ur. (1998). Cytokines (Handbook of Immunopharmacology). Boston: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-498340-5. 

Literatura

  • Umehara H, Bloom ET, Okazaki T, et al. (2004). „Fractalkine in vascular biology: from basic research to clinical disease.”. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24 (1): 34–40. DOI:10.1161/01.ATV.0000095360.62479.1F. PMID 12969992. 
  • Umehara H, Tanaka M, Sawaki T, et al. (2006). „Fractalkine in rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions.”. Mod Rheumatol 16 (3): 124–30. DOI:10.1007/s10165-006-0471-9. PMID 16767549. 
  • Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). „Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.”. Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. DOI:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. 
  • Bazan JF, Bacon KB, Hardiman G, et al. (1997). „A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif.”. Nature 385 (6617): 640–4. DOI:10.1038/385640a0. PMID 9024663. 
  • Pan Y, Lloyd C, Zhou H, et al. (1997). „Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation.”. Nature 387 (6633): 611–7. DOI:10.1038/42491. PMID 9177350. 
  • Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). „Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.”. Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. DOI:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. 
  • Imai T, Hieshima K, Haskell C, et al. (1997). „Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion.”. Cell 91 (4): 521–30. DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80438-9. PMID 9390561. 
  • Nomiyama H, Imai T, Kusuda J, et al. (1998). „Human chemokines fractalkine (SCYD1), MDC (SCYA22) and TARC (SCYA17) are clustered on chromosome 16q13.”. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 81 (1): 10–1. DOI:10.1159/000015000. PMID 9691168. 
  • Combadiere C, Salzwedel K, Smith ED, et al. (1998). „Identification of CX3CR1. A chemotactic receptor for the human CX3C chemokine fractalkine and a fusion coreceptor for HIV-1.”. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (37): 23799–804. DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.37.23799. PMID 9726990. 
  • Meucci O, Fatatis A, Simen AA, et al. (1998). „Chemokines regulate hippocampal neuronal signaling and gp120 neurotoxicity.”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (24): 14500–5. DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14500. PMC 24402. PMID 9826729. 
  • Mizoue LS, Bazan JF, Johnson EC, Handel TM (1999). „Solution structure and dynamics of the CX3C chemokine domain of fractalkine and its interaction with an N-terminal fragment of CX3CR1.”. Biochemistry 38 (5): 1402–14. DOI:10.1021/bi9820614. PMID 9931005. 
  • Papadopoulos EJ, Sassetti C, Saeki H, et al. (1999). „Fractalkine, a CX3C chemokine, is expressed by dendritic cells and is up-regulated upon dendritic cell maturation.”. Eur. J. Immunol. 29 (8): 2551–9. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199908)29:08<2551::AID-IMMU2551>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 10458770. 
  • Loftus BJ, Kim UJ, Sneddon VP, et al. (1999). „Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q.”. Genomics 60 (3): 295–308. DOI:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829. 
  • Tong N, Perry SW, Zhang Q, et al. (2000). „Neuronal fractalkine expression in HIV-1 encephalitis: roles for macrophage recruitment and neuroprotection in the central nervous system.”. J. Immunol. 164 (3): 1333–9. PMID 10640747. 
  • Faure S, Meyer L, Costagliola D, et al. (2000). „Rapid progression to AIDS in HIV+ individuals with a structural variant of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1.”. Science 287 (5461): 2274–7. DOI:10.1126/science.287.5461.2274. PMID 10731151. 
  • Hoover DM, Mizoue LS, Handel TM, Lubkowski J (2000). „The crystal structure of the chemokine domain of fractalkine shows a novel quaternary arrangement.”. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (30): 23187–93. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M002584200. PMID 10770945. 
  • Meucci O, Fatatis A, Simen AA, Miller RJ (2000). „Expression of CX3CR1 chemokine receptors on neurons and their role in neuronal survival.”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (14): 8075–80. DOI:10.1073/pnas.090017497. PMC 16672. PMID 10869418. 
  • Papadopoulos EJ, Fitzhugh DJ, Tkaczyk C, et al. (2000). „Mast cells migrate, but do not degranulate, in response to fractalkine, a membrane-bound chemokine expressed constitutively in diverse cells of the skin.”. Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (8): 2355–61. DOI:10.1002/1521-4141(2000)30:8<2355::AID-IMMU2355>3.0.CO;2-#. PMID 10940926. 
  • Lucas AD, Chadwick N, Warren BF, et al. (2001). „The transmembrane form of the CX3CL1 chemokine fractalkine is expressed predominantly by epithelial cells in vivo.”. Am. J. Pathol. 158 (3): 855–66. PMC 1850344. PMID 11238035. 
  • Garton KJ, Gough PJ, Blobel CP, et al. (2001). „Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (ADAM17) mediates the cleavage and shedding of fractalkine (CX3CL1).”. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (41): 37993–8001. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M106434200. PMID 11495925. 
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Po familiji
IL-1 superfamilija
1 (1Ra) • 18 • 33
poput IL-6/gp130 koristeći
IL-10 familija
10 • 19 • 20 • 22 • 24 • 26
28 • 29
2/15 • 3 • 4 • 7 • 9 • 13 • 21
IL-12 familija
12 (B) • 23 • 27 • 35
Drugi
5 • 8 • 14 • 16 • 17/25 (A) • 32  • 34
CCL
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 • 26 • 27 • 28
CXCL
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17
CX3CL
1
XCL
1 • 2
Glavni
TNF (ligand) superfamilija
CD70 • CD153 • CD154
alfa ( Pegilirani 2a, Pegilirani 2b), beta (1a, 1b)
DrugiPo funkciji
B trdu: peptidi (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), receptori (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd, signalni putevi (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)
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PDB Galerija
1b2t: Rešenje strukture CX3C hemokin domena fraktalkina
1b2t: Rešenje strukture CX3C hemokin domena fraktalkina  
1f2l: Kristalna struktura hemokin domena fraktalkina
1f2l: Kristalna struktura hemokin domena fraktalkina