Imperiul Spaniol

Imperiul Spaniol
Imperio español
Drapelul Imperiului Spaniol Stema Imperiului Spaniol
Imn: Marcha Real
Geografie
Suprafață
- Total	20.000.000 km²
Populație
- Estimare 1790	60.000.000
Limbi oficiale	Spaniolă
Guvernare
Sistem politic	polysynodal monarchy[*][[polysynodal monarchy (form of government)|​]]
Religie oficială	Romano-catolicism
Capitala	Madrid
Economie
PIB (PPC)
PIB (nominal)
Monedă	Real
Coduri și identificatori
Modifică date / text

Imperiul Spaniol a fost unul dintre cele mai întinse imperii din istorie și unul dintre primele imperii globale. Primul pas în crearea acestui imperiu a fost făcut în mod involuntar de către Cristofor Columb în 1492.

Bibliografie

• Anderson, James Maxwell (2000), The History of Portugal, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, ISBN 978-0-313-31106-2 .
• Archer, Christon; et al. (2002), World History of Warfare, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 978-0-8032-4423-8 Mentenanță CS1: Utilizare explicită a lui et al. (link) .
• Brown, Jonathan; Elliott, John Huxtable (1980), A Palace for a King. The Buen Retiro and the Court of Philip IV, New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-02507-1 .
• Kamen, Henry (2003), Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492–1763, New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-093264-3 .
• Lach, Donald F.; Van Kley, Edwin J. (1994), Asia in the Making of Europe, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-46734-4 .
• Lockhart, James; Schwartz, Stuart B. (1983), Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29929-9 .

• Armstrong, Edward (1902). The emperor Charles V. New York: The Macmillan Company
• Black, Jeremy (1996). The Cambridge illustrated atlas of warfare: Renaissance to revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47033-1
• Braudel, Fernand (1972). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, trans. Siân Reynolds. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-090566-2
• Fernand Braudel, The Perspective of the World (part iii of Civilization and Capitalism) 1979, translated 1985.
• Brown, Jonathan (1998). Painting in Spain : 1500–1700. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06472-1
• Dominguez Ortiz, Antonio (1971). The golden age of Spain, 1516–1659. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-297-00405-0
• Edwards, John (2000). The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474–1520. New York: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-16165-1
• Harman, Alec (1969). Late Renaissance and Baroque music. New York: Schocken Books.
• Kamen, Henry (1998). Philip of Spain. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07800-5
• Kamen, Henry (2005). Spain 1469–1714. A Society of Conflict (third ed.) London and New York: Pearson Longman. ISBN 0-582-78464-6
• Parker, Geoffrey (1997). The Thirty Years' War (second ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-12883-8
• Parker, Geoffrey (1972). The Army of flanders and the Spanish road, 1567–1659; the logistics of Spanish victory and defeat in the Low Countries' Wars.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-08462-8
• Parker, Geoffrey (1977). The Dutch revolt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-8014-1136-X
• Parker, Geoffrey (1978). Philip II. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-69080-5
• Parker, Geoffrey (1997). The general crisis of the seventeenth century. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16518-0
• Ramsey, John Fraser (1973) Spain: the rise of the first world power. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-5704-1, ISBN 978-0-8173-5704-7
• Stradling, R. A. (1988). Philip IV and the government of Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32333-9
• Thomas, Hugh (2004). Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire 1490–1522 Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-64563-3
• Thomas, Hugh (1997). The Slave Trade; The History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440–1870. London: Papermac. ISBN 0-333-73147-6
• Various (1983). Historia de la literatura espanola. Barcelona: Editorial Ariel
• Wright, Esmond, ed. (1984). History of the World, Part II: The last five hundred years (third ed.). New York: Hamlyn Publishing. ISBN 0-517-43644-2.

Legături externe

• Library of Iberian Resources Online, Stanley G Payne A History of Spain and Portugal vol 1 Ch 13 "The Spanish Empire"
• The Mestizo-Mexicano-Indian History in the USA Arhivat în 26 decembrie 1996, la Archive.is
• Documentary Film, Villa de Albuquerque Arhivat în 23 decembrie 2007, la Wayback Machine.
• The last Spanish colonies es
• Francisco José Calderón Vázquez (2008), Fronteras, identidad, conflicto e interacción. Los Presidios Españoles en el Norte Africano (în Spanish), ISBN 978-84-691-6786-1 Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută (link)

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