Jund Hims

Jund Ḥimṣ (bahasa Arab: جُـنْـد حِـمْـص, "distrik militer Homs," atau Legiun Emessa)^[1] adalah salah satu dari empat distrik militer dari provinsi Kekhalifahan Suriah.^[2] Ibu kotanya adalah Homs, dimana distrik tersebut meraih namanya. Pusat-pusat perkotaan utamanya adalah Latakia, Tadmur, Jableh, Kafr Tab, Tarsus, Salamiyah, Bulunyas dan Benteng Khawabi.^[3]

Gubernur

Periode Rasyidin (638–661)

Iyadh bin Ghanam al-Fihri (639–641)^[4]
Sa'id bin Amir bin Hidzyam al-Jumahi (641–642)^[4]^[5]
Umair bin Sa'ad al-Anshari (642–646)^[4]
Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan (646–661)^[6]
- Abdurrahman bin Khalid bin Walid (setidaknya 653/654^[7]–666)

Periode Umayyah (661–750)

An-Nu'man bin Basyir al-Anshari (666^[8]–678;^[9] menjabat di bawah Muawiyah)
Malik bin Hubairah As-Sakuni (periode yang tidak ditentukan dari tahun 661–680; menjabat di bawah Muawiyah)^[10]
Al-Hushain bin Numair As-Sakuni (680–683;^[10] menjabat di bawah Khalifah Yazid bin Muawiyah)
An-Nu'man bin Basyir al-Anshari (684–684;^[11] menjabat di bawah Khalifah Abdullah bin az-Zubair yang berada di Makkah^[10])
Khalid bin Yazid (684–685;^[12] putra Khalifah Yazid, menjabat di bawah kerabat Umayyahnya Khalifah Marwan bin al-Hakam^[10])
- Aban bin Al-Walid bin Uqbah (684–685;^[12] mungkin menjabat sebagai wakil Khalid)^[10]
Aban bin Al-Walid bin Uqbah (685–691;^[10] menjabat di bawah kerabat jauhnya Khalifah Umayyah Abdul Malik bin Marwan)^[13]
Abdullah bin Abdul Malik (c. 703–704)^[12]
Al-Abbas bin Al-Walid (705–715)^[14]
Yazid bin Al-Hushain bin Numair As-Sakuni (717–720)^[15]
Abdul Malik bin Al-Qa'qa' bin Khulaid al-Absi (periode yang tidak ditentukan dari tahun 724–743)^[16]
Marwan bin Abdullah bin Abdul Malik dan/atau Utsman bin Al-Walid bin Yazid (743–744)^[17]
Muawiyah bin Yazid bin Al-Hushain As-Sakuni (744–745)^[18]^[19]
Abdullah bin Syajarah al-Kindi (745)^[19]
Sa'id bin Hisyam bin Abdul-Malik (745; gubernur pemberontak untuk Sulaiman bin Hisyam)^[20]

Periode Abbasiyah

Kekuasaan Abbasiyah di Suriah dimulai dari tahun 750 dan mulai menurun setelah tahun 861. Kekuasaan Abbasiyah di Suriah selesai berakhir pada pertengahan abad ke-10.

Abdullah bin Ali (750–753)^[21]
Shalih bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas (756–757)^[22]
Abdul Malik bin Shalih (793–795)
Ishaq bin Sulaiman bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas (809)^[23]
Abdullah bin Sa'id al-Harasyi (809–810)^[23]
Al-Mu'ayyad (854–855)^[24]
Shalih al-Abbasi al-Turki (855–856)^[25]

Referensi

^ Alfred, Muhammed Ashraf, Bukhsh, Salahuddin Khuda and Von Kremer (1961). Politics in Islam: Von Kremer's Staatsidee des Islams (4th edition). Lahore, Pakistan. hlm. 124. OCLC 10521479. Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (link)
^ Stephen and Goodwin, Tony (2001). Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean: The Pre-Reform Coinage of the Early Islamic Period. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, England. hlm. 84–85. ISBN 1-85444-173-6. Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (link)
^ Al-Muqaddasi quoted by Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. hlm. 25–39. OCLC 1004386.
^ ^a ^b ^c Humphreys 1990, hlm. 72.
^ Ritter 2013, hlm. 805.
^ Humphreys 1990, hlm. 74.
^ Humphreys 1990, hlm. 119.
^ Crone 1980, hlm. 226, catatan 234.
^ Wellhausen 1927, hlm. 130.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gundelfinger & Verkinderen 2020, hlm. 97.
^ Hawting 1989, hlm. 56.
^ ^a ^b ^c Crone 1980, hlm. 124.
^ Dixon 1969, hlm. 173.
^ Crone 1980, hlm. 125.
^ Crone 1980, hlm. 127.
^ Hillenbrand 1989, hlm. 136.
^ Crone 1980, hlm. 129.
^ Crone 1980, hlm. 97.
^ ^a ^b Williams 1985, hlm. 3.
^ Williams 1985, hlm. 23.
^ Williams 1985, hlm. 198, 204, 208.
^ McAuliffe 1995, hlm. 75.
^ ^a ^b Fishbein 1992, hlm. 21.
^ Kraemer 1989, hlm. 96–97.
^ Kraemer 1989, hlm. 133–134.

Sumber

Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
Crone, Patricia (1980). Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52940-9.
Crone, Patricia (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?" (PDF). Der Islam. 71: 1–57. doi:10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1. Parameter |s2cid= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer 'Abd (August 1969). The Umayyad Caliphate 65–86/684–705: A Political Study (Tesis). University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies.
Fishbein, Michael, ed. (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXI: The War Between Brothers: The Caliphate of Muḥammad al-Amīn, A.D. 809–813/A.H. 193–198. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1085-1.
Gundelfinger, Simon; Verkinderen, Peter (2020). "The Governors of al-Sham and Fars in the Early Islamic Empire - A Comparative Regional Perspective". Dalam Hagemann, Hannah-Lena; Heidemann, Stefan. Elites — Connecting the Early Islamic Empire. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 255–330. ISBN 978-3-11-066648-9.
Hawting, G.R., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XX: The Collapse of Sufyānid Authority and the Coming of the Marwānids: The Caliphates of Muʿāwiyah II and Marwān I and the Beginning of the Caliphate of ʿAbd al-Malik, A.D. 683–685/A.H. 64–66. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-855-3.
Humphreys, R. Stephen, ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XV: The Crisis of the Early Caliphate: The Reign of ʿUthmān, A.D. 644–656/A.H. 24–35. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0154-5.
Hillenbrand, Carole, ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVI: The Waning of the Umayyad Caliphate: Prelude to Revolution, A.D. 738–744/A.H. 121–126. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-810-2.
Hinds, M. (1993). "Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān". Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Pellat, Ch. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VII: Mif–Naz (edisi ke-2). Leiden: E. J. Brill. hlm. 263–268. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. Parameter |name-list-style= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
Kennedy, Hugh (2001). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-25093-5.
Kraemer, Joel L., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIV: Incipient Decline: The Caliphates of al-Wāthiq, al-Mutawakkil and al-Muntaṣir, A.D. 841–863/A.H. 227–248. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-874-4.
le Strange, Guy (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. OCLC 1004386.
Madelung, Wilferd (1986). "Apocalyptic Prophecies in Hims in the Umayyad Age". Journal of Semitic Studies. 31 (2): 141–185. doi:10.1093/jss/XXXI.2.141.
McAuliffe, Jane Dammen, ed. (1995). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVIII: The ʿAbbāsid Authority Affirmed: The Early Years of al-Mansūr, A.D. 753–763/A.H. 136–145. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1895-6.
Ritter, Hellmut (2013). The Ocean of the Soul: Men, the World and God in the Stories of Farīd al-Dīn Aṭṭar. Diterjemahkan oleh John O'Kane. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12068-6.
Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. Diterjemahkan oleh Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641.
Williams, John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-884-4.