Trigonostylops

Genus of mammals (fossil)

Trigonostylops Temporal range: Late Paleocene-Late Eocene (Riochican-Tinguirirican) ~58.7–33.9 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Skull restoration of Trigonostylops
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Astrapotheria
Family:	†Trigonostylopidae
Genus:	†Trigonostylops Ameghino 1897
Type species
Trigonostylops wortmani Ameghino 1897
Species
T. gegenbauri Roth 1899 T. wortmani Ameghino 1897

Trigonostylops is an extinct genus of South American meridiungulatan ungulate, from the Late Paleocene to Late Eocene (Itaboraian to Tinguirirican in the SALMA classification) of South America (Argentina and Peru) and Antarctica (Seymour Island). It is the only member of the family Trigonostylopidae.

Description

A complete skull of the type species, T. wortmani, has been found, and it has been classified as an astrapothere based on its large lower incisors.^[1]

Phylogeny

Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis published by Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015, showing the position of Trigonostylops:^[2]

	Eoastrapostylops
	Trigonostylops Tetragonostylops Albertogaudrya Scaglia Astraponotus Maddenia Comahuetherium Parastrapotherium Astrapotheriinae Astrapotherium Astrapothericulus Uruguaytheriinae Uruguaytherium Hilarcotherium Xenastrapotherium Granastrapotherium

Distribution

class=notpageimage|

Locations of Trigonostylops fossils
Pozo Formation
Sarmiento Formation
Las Flores Formation
Not show: La Meseta Formation in Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fossils of Trigonostylops have been found in:^[3]

Paleocene

• Las Flores Formation, Argentina^[4]

Eocene

• La Meseta Formation, Antarctica^[5]
• Casamayor, Divisadero Largo, Koluel Kaike and Sarmiento Formations, Argentina^[6][7]
• Pozo Formation, Peru^[8]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trigonostylops.

Bibliography

• Antoine, P.O.; Marivaux, L.; Croft, D.A.; Billet, G.; Ganerod, M.; Jaramillo, C.; Martin, T.; Orliac, M.; Tejada, J.; Altamirano, A. J.; Duranthon, F.; Fanjat, G.; Rousse, S.; Salas Gismondi, R. (2011). "Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 279 (1732): 1319–1326. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1732. PMC 3282368. PMID 21993503. S2CID 26368929. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
• Cifelli, R (1985). "Biostratigraphy of the Casamayoran, Early Eocene of Patagonia" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (2820): 1–26. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
• Dzik, J.; Gaździcki, A. (2001). "The Eocene expansion of nautilids to high latitudes" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 172 (3–4): 297–312. Bibcode:2001PPP...172..297D. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00304-2. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
• Goin, F.J.; Candela, A.M.; Abello, M.A.; Oliveira, E.V. (2009). "Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 155 (4): 867–884. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x. S2CID 84131123. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
• Vallejo Pareja, M.C.; Carrillo, J.D.; Moreno Bernal, J.W.; Pardo Jaramillo, M.; Rodríguez González, D.F.; Muñoz Duran, J. (2015). "Hilarcotherium castanedaii, gen. et sp. nov., a new Miocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Astrapotheriidae) from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia" (PDF). Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. 35 (2): 1–14. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E3960V. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.903960. S2CID 130728894. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
• Vera, B (2012). "Revisión del género Transpithecus Ameghino, 1901 (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae) del Eoceno medio de Patagonia, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 49: 60–74. doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i1(361). S2CID 130102948. Retrieved 2019-02-14.

• v
• t
• e

Genera of South American native ungulates

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Mammalia
• Superorder: Laurasiatheria

Xenungulata, Pyrotheria, Astrapotheria, and other minor groups
†Kollpaniidae? Andinodus Molinodus Pucanodus Simoclaenus Tiuclaenus †Didolodontidae Didolodus Enneoconus Ernestokokenia Escribania? Lamegoia Paulogervaisia Raulvaccia Ricardocifellia Saltaodus Umayodus †Xenungulata †Carodniidae Carodnia Etayoa Notoetayoa Rodcania †Pyrotheria †Colombitheriidae Colombitherium Proticia †Pyrotheriidae Baguatherium Berracotherium Carolozittelia Griphodon Propyrotherium Pyrotherium †Astrapotheria Eoastrapostylops †Trigonostylopidae Shecenia Tetragonostylops Trigonostylops †Astrapotheriidae Antarctodon Astrapodon Comahuetherium Liarthrus Maddenia Parastrapotherium †Albertogaudryinae Albertogaudrya Astraponotus †Astrapotheriinae Astrapothericulus Astrapotherium Scaglia †Uruguaytheriinae Granastrapotherium Hilarcotherium Uruguaytherium Xenastrapotherium

Litopterna
†Litopterna †Protolipternidae Asmithwoodwardia Miguelsoria Protolipterna †Amilnedwardsiidae Amilnedwardsia Ernestohaeckelia Rutimeyeria †Sparnotheriodontidae Notiolofos Phoradiadius Sparnotheriodon Victorlemoinea †Indaleciidae Adiantoides Indalecia †Notonychopidae Notonychops Requisia †Lopholipterna †Adianthidae Adianthus Proadiantus Proectocion? Proheptaconus Thadanius Tricoelodus †Macraucheniidae Polymorphis †Cramaucheniinae Caliphrium Coniopternium Cramauchenia Llullataruca Phoenixauchenia Pternoconius Theosodon †Macraucheniinae Cullinia Huayqueriana Macrauchenia Macraucheniopsis Micrauchenia Oxyodontherium Paranauchenia Promacrauchenia Scalabrinitherium Windhausenia Xenorhinotherium †Proterotheriidae Mesolicaphrium Neodolodus Olisanophus Promylophis Pseudobrachytherium †Anisolambdinae Anisolambda Eolicaphrium Guilielmofloweria Heteroglyphis Lambdaconops Paranisolambda Protheosodon †Proterotheriinae Anisolophus Brachytherium Diadiaphorus Diplasiotherium Eoauchenia Epecuenia Epitherium Lambdaconus Neobrachytherium Neolicaphrium Paramacrauchenia Picturotherium Prolicaphrium Proterotherium Tetramerorhinus Thoatheriopsis Thoatherium Uruguayodon Villarroelia †Megadolodinae Bounodus Megadolodus Uncertain placement Kyraodus Proacrodon Salladolodus Xesmodon Wainka

Notoungulata
incertae sedis Acoelodus Archaeogaia Carolodarwinia Perutherium †Notioprogonia Satshatemnus Seudenius †Henricosborniidae Henricosbornia Nanolophodon Othnielmarshia Peripantostylops Simpsonotus †Notostylopidae Boreastylops Chilestylops Edvardotrouessartia Homalostylops Notostylops Otrhonia Parastylops †Toxodontia †Homalodotheriidae Asmodeus Chasicotherium Homalodotherium Trigonolophodon †Isotemnidae Anisotemnus Coelostylodon Distylophorus Hedralophus Isotemnus Lophocoelus Pampatemnus Periphragnis Pleurocoelodon Pleurostylodon Rhyphodon Thomashuxleya †Eutoxodontia †Leontiniidae Anayatherium Ancylocoelus Colpodon Coquenia Elmerriggsia Gualta Henricofilholia Huilatherium Leontinia Martinmiguelia Purperia? Scarrittia Taubatherium Termastherium †Notohippidae Acoelohyrax Argyrohippus Deuterotherium? Edvardocopeia Eomorphippus Eurygenium Mendozahippus Moqueguahippus Morphippus Nesohippus Notohippus Pampahippus Pascualihippus Patagonhippus Perhippidion Plexotemnus Puelia Purperia? Rhynchippus Rosendo Stilhippus Teushentherium Trimerostephanos †Toxodontidae †Nesodontinae Adinotherium Nesodon Proadinotherium †Toxodontinae Abothrodon Andinotoxodon Calchaquitherium Ceratoxodon Charruatoxodon Dinotoxodon Eutomodus Falcontoxodon Gyrinodon Haplodontherium Hemixotodon Hoffstetterius Hyperoxotodon Mesenodon Mesotoxodon Minitoxodon Mixotoxodon Neoadinotherium Neotoxodon Nesodonopsis Nonotherium Ocnerotherium Palyeidodon Paratrigodon Pericotoxodon Piauhytherium Pisanodon Plesiotoxodon Posnanskytherium Prototrigodon Stenotephanos Stereotoxodon Toxodon Toxodontherium Trigodon Trigodonops Xotodon †Typotheria Campanorco Griphotherion †Archaeopithecidae Archaeopithecus Teratopithecus †Oldfieldthomasiidae Allalmeia Brachystephanus Camargomendesia Colbertia Dolichostylodon Itaboraitherium Kibenikhoria Maxschlosseria Oldfieldthomasia Paginula Suniodon Tsamnichoria Ultrapithecus Xenostephanus †Interatheriidae Antofagastia Ignigena Johnbell Munizia Punapithecus †Interatheriinae Archaeophylus Argyrohyrax Boleatherium Brucemacfaddenia Caenophilus Choichephilum Cochilius Eopachyrucos Federicoanaya Interatherium Juchuysillu Miocochilius Neoicochilus Patriarchus Proargyrohyrax Progaleopithecus Protypotherium Santiagorothia †Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium Eotypotherium Eutypotherium Hypsitherium Mesotherium Microtypotherium Plesiotypotherium Pseudotypotherium Rusconitherium Typotheriopsis †Archaeohyracidae Archaeohyrax Archaeotypotherium Bryanpattersonia Eohyrax Pascualhyrax Protarchaeohyrax Pseudhyrax Punahyrax †Hegetotheriidae †Hegetotheriinae Ethegotherium Hegetotheriopsis Hegetotherium Hemihegetotherium Prohegetotherium Pseudohegetotherium Sallatherium †Pachyrukhinae Medistylus Propachyrucos Prosotherium Tremacyllus †Pachyrukhini Pachyrukhos Paedotherium Tremacyllus