Systemic administration

Systemic administration is a route of administration of medication, nutrition or other substance into the circulatory system so that the entire body is affected.^[1] Administration can take place via enteral administration (absorption of the drug through the gastrointestinal tract)^[2] or parenteral administration (generally injection, infusion, or implantation).^[3]^[4]

Contrast with topical administration where the effect is generally local.^[4]

References

^ Hunnius Pharmazeutisches Wörterbuch (in German) (8th ed.). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1998. p. 1477. ISBN 3-11-015793-4.
^ "Enteral administration - pharmacology". britannica.com. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
^ Hunnius Pharmazeutisches Wörterbuch (in German) (8th ed.). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1998. pp. 472, 1029. ISBN 3-11-015793-4.
^ ^a ^b Mutschler, Ernst (2013). Arzneimittelwirkungen (in German) (10 ed.). Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 8. ISBN 978-3-8047-2898-1.

Routes of administration, dosage forms

Oral

Digestive tract (enteral)

Solids	Tablet Capsule Pastille Time release technology Osmotic delivery system
Liquids	Decoction Elixir Electuary Emulsion Effervescent powder or tablet Herbal tea Hydrogel Molecular encapsulation Powder Softgel Solution Suspension Syrup Tincture

Oral mucosa (buccal, sublabial, sublingual)

Solids	Orally disintegrating tablet Film Lollipop Sublingual drops Lozenges Effervescent tablet Chewing gum
Liquids	Mouthwash Toothpaste Ointment Spray

Respiratory tract (inhalation)

Solids	Dry-powder inhaler Smoking	0 0
Liquids	Anesthetic vaporizer Heated humidified high-flow therapy Medical inhalants Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) Nebulizer Vaporizer
Gas	Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula Oxygen concentrator Anaesthetic machine Medical inhalants Relative analgesia machine

Ophthalmic,
otic, nasal

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Extra-amniotic infusion

Intravesical infusion

Rectal (enteral)

Paste

DMSO solution

Transfersome vesicles

Cream

(into tissue/blood)

Skin (transdermal)	Intradermal Subcutaneous Injector pen Transdermal implant
Organs	Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular
Central nervous system	Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural
Circulatory, musculoskeletal	Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection Patient-controlled analgesia pump PIC line