Po Rome
Po Rome | |||||||||
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King of Champa King of Panduranga | |||||||||
Po Rome statue at Museum of Vietnamese History - Ho Chi Minh City | |||||||||
King of Champa | |||||||||
Reign | 1627–1651 | ||||||||
Predecessor | Po Klaong Mah Nai | ||||||||
Successor | Po Nraup | ||||||||
Born | ? Champa | ||||||||
Died | 1651 Phú Yên | ||||||||
Spouse | Bia Than Cih Bia Than Can Bia Ut | ||||||||
Issue | Po Saut Po Saktiraydapatih | ||||||||
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Po Rome (?–1651), also spelled Po Romê, Po Romé or Po Ramo, full name Nik Mustafa Bin Wan Abul Muzaffar Waliyullah (Jawi: نئ مصطفى بن وان ابول موزففر والييولله),[1] regnal name Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah (Jawi: سلطان عبدالحميد شه),[1] was the king of Panduranga Champa, reigning from 1627 to 1651.
Po Rome was a Churu chief, originally from present-day Đơn Dương District, Lâm Đồng Province.[2] According to local legends, his born name was Ja Kathaot (Cham: ꨎ ꨆꨔꨯꨱꩅ).[3] Prior to his ascent to the throne, he had stayed in Kelantan for several years.[4] He succeeded the throne in 1627. Upon coming to the throne, he assumed the royal title Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah Bin Syarif Wan Abu Muzaffar Bin Syarif Wan Abdullah Umdatuddin (Jawi: سلطان عبدالحميد شاه بن شريف وان ابو موزففر بن شريف وان عبدالله اومداتو الدين).[1] He subdued both Hindu and Muslim factions, forced peace between Chams communities.[2]
King Po Rome built dams and canals to nurture agriculture in Phan Rang basin.[2] During his reign, Champa traded with Siam, Cambodia, Vietnam, India, the Malay world, and even the Western countries including France and Portugal.[5] Champa also raided the areas occupied by Nguyễn lord. Vietnamese Phú Yên governor Văn Phong (文封, he was a Cham) revolted against Nguyễn lord in 1629, but was put down by general Nguyễn Hữu Vinh (阮有榮).[6] In the same year, Po Rome married Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Khoa [vi] (阮福玉誇), daughter of Vietnamese lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên.[7]
In 1651, Po Rome died of wounds in Phú Yên during an outbreak of hostilities between Cham locals and Việt immigrants. His elder brother Po Nraup succeeded.[2]
The current Sakawi Cham standard with its origins based on the Saka Raja standard of the Cham calendar was also likely instituted during the reign of Po Rome.[8]
Cham people were sad to hear his death. They built a temple for him, the Po Rome Temple [vi] located at Ninh Phước district, Ninh Thuận province.
Family
King Po Rome had one empress and two noble consorts:[9]
- Empress Bia Than Cih (also known as Bia Sucih), daughter of King Po Klaong Mah Nai (also known as Po Mah Taha).
- Noble consort Bia Than Can, born name H Drah Jan Kpă, daughter of a Rhade or Kaho chief.
- Noble consort Bia Ut, born name Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Khoa, daughter of Vietnamese lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên(also known as Chúa Sãi).
References
- ^ a b c "Po Rome vị vua Champa dòng dõi Hồi giáo (Islam)". www.kauthara.org.
- ^ a b c d K. W. Taylor (2013). A History of Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press. p. 301. ISBN 978-0-521-87586-8.
- ^ Putra Podam. "Một số tên gọi vị vua Po Rome". www.kauthara.org.
- ^ Manager, Site (2004-03-11). "Vietnam-Champa Relations and the Malay-Islam Regional Network in the 17th–19th Centuries". Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia. Archived from the original on 2014-09-29. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
- ^ "Tìm hiểu cộng đồng người Chăm tại Việt Nam: Cố gắng tồn tại trong khó khăn". Archived from the original on 2019-05-26. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
- ^ 大南寔錄前編 • Đại Nam thực lục tiền biên ( q.01-02), page 74
- ^ "Nguyễn Phước tộc". Archived from the original on 2009-03-30. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
- ^ Tran Ky Phuong, Bruce Lockhart (2011-01-01). The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art. NUS Press. p. 326-335. ISBN 9789971694593.
- ^ "A love story between Rhade princess and Champa king". baotanglichsu.vn. Retrieved 2023-07-23.
Preceded by Po Klaong Mah Nai 1622–1627 | Champa rulers 1627–1651 | Succeeded by Po Nraup 1651–1653 |
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Lâm Ấp
192-605
Xitu
- Khu Liên
- Phạm Hùng
- Phạm Dật
- Phạm Văn
- Phạm Phật
- Bhadravarman I (Phạm Hồ Đạt)
- Gangaraja (Phạm Địch Chớn)
- Manorathavarman
- Gangarajavarman II (Phạm Địch Văn)
- Phạm Dương Mại I
- Phạm Dương Mại II
- Phạm Thần Thành
- Phạm Đang Căng Thuần
- Phạm Chư Nông
- Phạm Văn Tẩn
- Devavarman (Phạm Thiên Khởi)
- Vijayavarman
- Rudravarman I
Chiêm Thành
875–1471
- Jaya Sambhuvarman
- Kandarpadharma (Fan Touli)
- Prabhasadharma (Fan Zhenlong)
- Bhadresvaravarman
- Daughter of Kandarpadharma (female)
- Vikrantavarman I
- Naravahanavarman
- Vikrantavarman II
- Rudravarman II
- Prithindravarman
- Satyavarman
- Indravarman I
- Harivarman I
- Vikrantavarman III
- Indravarman II
- Jaya Simhavarman I
- Saktivarman
- Bhadravarman II
- Indravarman III
- Jaya Indravarman I
- Paramesvaravarman I
- Indravarman IV
- Lieou Ki-Tsong (Lưu Kế Tông)
- Harivarman II
- Yang Bo Zhan
- Sri Vijayavarman (Yang Pu Ku Vijaya)
- Harivarman III
- Paramesvaravarman II
- Vikrantavarman IV
- Jaya Sinhavarman II
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman I
- Bhadravarman III
- Rudravarman III
- Harivarman IV
- Jaya Indravarman II
- Paramabhodhisatva
- Harivarman V
- Jaya Indravarman III
- Rudravarman IV
- Jaya Harivarman I
- Jaya Harivarman II
- Jaya Indravarman IV
- Suryajayavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Suryavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Jaya Indravarman V (Khmer vassal)
- Khmer occupation
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman II
- Jaya Indravarman VI
- Indravarman V
- Jaya Sinhavarman III (Chế Mân)
- Jaya Sinhavarman IV (Chế Chí)
- Chế Năng
- Jaya Ananda (Chế A Nan)
- Maha Sawa (Trà Hòa Bố Để)
- Po Binasuor (Chế Bồng Nga)
- Jaya Simhavarman V (La Ngai)
- Indravarman VI (Ba Đích Lại)
- Virabhadravarman
- Maha Kali (Ma Kha Quý Lai)
- Maha Vijaya (Ma Kha Bí Cai)
- Maha Kaya (Ma Kha Quý Do)
- Maha Saya (Bàn La Trà Duyệt)
- Maha Sajan (Bàn La Trà Toàn)
- Maha Sajai (Bàn La Trà Toại)
Principality of Thuận Thành
1471–1835
- Jayavarman Mafoungnan (Bố Trì Trì)
- Po Kabih
- Po Krut Drak
- Po Maha Sarak
- Po Kunarai
- Po At
- Po Klong Halau
- Po Nit
- Po Chai Paran
- Po Ehklan
- Po Klaong Mah Nai
- Po Rome
- Po Nraup (Bà Tấm)
- Po Saktiraydapaghoh
- Po Jatamah
- Po Saut (Bà Tranh)
- Vietnamese occupation
- Po Saktiraydapatih (Kế Bà Tử)
- Po Ganuhpatih
- Po Thuntiraidaputih
- Po Rattiraydaputao
- Po Tisundimahrai
- Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh
- Po Tisuntiraidapuran (Nguyễn Văn Tá)
- Po Chongchan
- Po Krei Brei (Nguyễn Văn Chiêu)
- Po Ladhuanpuguh (Nguyễn Văn Hào)
- Po Saong Nyung Ceng (Nguyễn Văn Chấn)
- Po Bait Lan
- Po Klan Thu (Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh)
- Po Phaok The (Nguyễn Văn Thừa)
- Po War Palei (La Bôn Vương)