Peligran

The Peligran (Spanish: Peligrense) age is a period of geologic time (62.5–59.0 Ma) within the Paleocene epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically with South American land mammal ages (SALMA). It follows the Tiupampan and precedes the Riochican age.^[1]

Etymology

The age is named after the paleontological site Punta Peligro [es] in Argentina.

Formations

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Locations of Peligran formations

Formation bold is type	Country	Basin	Notes
Salamanca Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	^[2]
Bogotá Formation	Colombia	Altiplano Cundiboyacense	^[3]
Cerrejón Formation	Colombia	Cesar-Ranchería Basin	^[4]
Chota Formation	Peru	Bagua Basin	^[5]^[6]
Guaduas Formation	Colombia	Altiplano Cundiboyacense	^[7]
Peñas Coloradas Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	^[2]
Santa Lucía Formation	Bolivia	Potosí Basin	^[8]

Fossils

Group	Fossils	Formation	Notes
Mammals	Amphidolops yapa, Carodnia feruglioi, Notoetayoa gargantuai, Wainka tshotshe, Borhyaenidae indet., Eutheria indet.	Peñas Coloradas	^[9]^[10] ^[11]
Mammals	Derorhynchus aff. minutus, Escribania chubutensis, Escribania talonicuspis, Monotrematum sudamericanum, Peligrotherium tropicalis, Raulvaccia peligrensis, Requisia vidmari, Sudamerica ameghinoi, Didelphopsis sp., Polydolopimorphia sp., Bonapartheriidae, Metatheria indet., Placentalia indet., cf. Sparassodonta indet.	Salamanca	^[12]^[13]
Reptiles & amphibians	aff. Allognathosuchus sp., Hydromedusa cf. casamayorensis, Kawasphenodon peligrensis, Naiadochelys cf. patagonica, Necrosuchus ionensis, Peligrochelys walshae, Yaminuechelys maior, Caimaninae indet., Leptodactylidae indet., ?Pipidae indet.	Salamanca	^[12]^[14]
	Acherontisuchus guajiraensis, Anthracosuchus balrogus, Carbonemys cofrinii, Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki, Cerrejonisuchus improcerus, Pelomedusoides sp., Puentemys mushaisaensis, Titanoboa cerrejonensis	Cerrejón	^[15]^[16]
	Crocodylia sp.	Peñas Coloradas	^[10]
Fishes	Dipnoi sp., Elopomorpha sp.	Cerrejón	^[15]
Flora	Menispina evidens	Bogotá	^[17]

References

^ "Peligran". Paleo Database. Archived from the original on 2007-10-29.
^ ^a ^b Clyde et al., 2014, p.303
^ Bayona et al., 2012, p.103
^ Jaramillo et al., 2007, p.168
^ Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2
^ Castro Medina, 2010, p.53
^ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.54
^ Sempere et al., 1997, p.709
^ Bajo de la Palangana at Fossilworks.org
^ ^a ^b Cerro Redondo at Fossilworks.org
^ Puerto Visser 2 at Fossilworks.org
^ ^a ^b Punta Peligro at Fossilworks.org
^ Bonaparte & Morales, 1997, p.266
^ Necrosuchus at Fossilworks.org
^ ^a ^b La Puente Pit at Fossilworks.org
^ Anthracosuchus at Fossilworks.org
^ Menispina evidens at Fossilworks.org

Bibliography

Peñas Coloradas Formation

Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk; Comer, Emily; Huber, Mauricio Ibañez Mejia, Brian R. Jicha, J. Marcelo Krause, Jonathan D. Schueth, Bradley S. Singer, María Sol Raigemborn, Mark D. Schmitz, Appy Sluijs, and María del Carmen Zamaloa, Brian T. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations" (PDF), GSA Bulletin, 126 (3–4): 289–306, Bibcode:2014GSAB..126..289C, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, retrieved 2017-08-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-08-15

Bogotá Formation

Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Cadena, Edwin; Hastings, Alexander; Rincón, Aldo F.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2008), "Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo (1992), Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, pp. 1–20
Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104

Cerrejón Formation

Ayala Calvo, Rosa Carolina (2009), Análisis tectonoestratigráfico y de procedencia en la Subcuenca de Cesar: Relación con los sistemas petroleros (MSc.) (PDF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, pp. 1–255, retrieved 2017-06-14
Cadena, Edwin A.; Schweitzer, Mary H. (2014), "A Pelomedusoid Turtle from the Paleocene–Eocene of Colombia Exhibiting Preservation of Blood Vessels and Osteocytes", Journal of Herpetology, 48 (4): 461–465, doi:10.1670/13-046, retrieved 2019-02-12
Cadena, Edwin A.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bloch, Jonathan I. (2012a), "New pelomedusoid turtles from the late Palaeocene Cerrejón Formation of Colombia and their implications for phylogeny and body size evolution" (PDF), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 10 (2): 313–331, Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..313C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.569031, retrieved 2017-06-14
Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2012b), "New bothremydid turtle (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Paleocene of northeastern Colombia", Journal of Paleontology, 86 (4): 688–698, Bibcode:2012JPal...86..688C, doi:10.1666/11-128R1.1, retrieved 2017-06-14
Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2010), "New Podocnemidid Turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the Middle-Upper Paleocene of South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30 (2): 367–382, Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..367C, doi:10.1080/02724631003621946, retrieved 2017-06-14
Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2014), "A new blunt-snouted dyrosaurid, Anthracosuchus balrogus gen. et sp. nov. (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia), from the Palaeocene of Colombia" (PDF), Historical Biology, 27 (8): 998–1020, Bibcode:2015HBio...27..998H, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.918968, retrieved 2017-06-14
Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2011), "A new longirostrine Dyrosaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of north-eastern Colombia: Biogeographocal and behavioural implications for New-World Dyrosayridae" (PDF), Palaeontology, 54: 1095–1116, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01092.x, retrieved 2017-06-14
Head, J.J.; Bloch, J.I.; Hastings, A.K.; Bourque, J.R.; Cadena, E.A.; Herrera, F.A.; Polly, P.D.; Jaramillo, C.A. (2009), "Giant boid snake from the paleocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures", Nature, 457 (7230): 715–718, Bibcode:2009Natur.457..715H, doi:10.1038/nature07671, retrieved 2017-06-14
Herrera, Fabiany A.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Dilcher, David L.; Wing, Scott L.; Gómez N, Carolina (2008), "Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene neotropical rainforest in Colombia", American Journal of Botany, 95 (12): 1569–1583, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800172, retrieved 2017-06-14
Hernández, Marina (2003), Geología de la Plancha 48 La Jagua de Ibírico - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–102
Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bayona, Germán; Pardo Trujillo, Andres; Rueda, Milton; Torres, Vladimir; Harrington, Guy J.; Mora, Germán (2007), "The palynology of the Cerrejón Formation (Upper Paleocene) of northern Colombia" (PDF), Palynology, 31 (1): 153–189, Bibcode:2007Paly...31..153J, doi:10.2113/gspalynol.31.1.153, retrieved 2017-08-15
Ojeda Marulanda, Carolina; Sánchez Quiñónez, Carlos Alberto (2013), "Petrografía, petrología y análisis de procedencia de unidades paleógenas en las cuencas Cesar - Ranchería y Catatumbo" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 35: 67–80, retrieved 2017-06-14
Wing, Scott L.; Herrera, Fabiany; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Gómez Navarro, Carolina; Wilf, Peter; Labandeira, Conrad C. (2009), "Late Paleocene fossils from the Cerrejón Formation, Columbia ((sic)), are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforest", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (44): 18627–18632, Bibcode:2009PNAS..10618627W, doi:10.1073/pnas.0905130106, PMC 2762419, PMID 19833876

Chota Formation

Castro Medina, Walter Fidel (2010), Geología, informe temático. Proyecto Zonificación Ecológica y Económica del departamento de Amazonas (PDF), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), pp. 1–76, retrieved 2018-09-04
Chacaltana, César; Benites Cañote, Alexandra Lucytania; Valdivia, Waldir; Chumpitaz, Marco (2014), La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 1–4, retrieved 2017-08-15

Guaduas Formation

Amaya, Erika; Mariño, Jorge; Jaramillo, Carlos (2010), "Litofacies y ambientes de acumulación de la Formación Guaduas en al parte central de la Cordillera Oriental - implicaciones paleogeográficas", Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 32 (1): _, retrieved 2017-03-16

Salamanca Formation

Apesteguia, Sebastián; Gómez, Raúl O.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2014), "The youngest South American rhynchocephalian, a survivor of the K/Pg extinction", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281 (1792): 20140811, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0811, PMID 25143041
Bonaparte, J.F.; Morales, J. (1997), "Un primitico Notonychopidae (Litopterna) del paleoceno inferior de Punta Peligro, Chubut, Argentina" (PDF), Estudios Geológicos, 53 (5–6): 263–274, doi:10.3989/egeol.97535-6232, retrieved 2018-10-01
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Jud, Nathan A.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Iglesias, Ari; Wilf, Peter (2017), "Flowering after disaster: Early Danian buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) flowers and leaves from Patagonia", PLOS ONE, 12 (5): e0176164, Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1276164J, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176164, PMC 5425202, PMID 28489895
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Santa Lucía Formation

Buffetaut, É.; Marshall, L.G. (1991), A new crocodilian, Sebecus querejazus, nov. sp. (Mesosuchia, Sebecidae) from the Santa Lucía Formation (Early Paleocene) at Vila Vila, Southern Bolivia, Revista Técnica de YPFB, pp. 545–557
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South American land mammal ages

Ages

Defining
formations
and sites

Quaternary	Luján Formation Ensenada Formation Uquía Formation
Neogene	Chapadmalal Formation Monte Hermoso Formation Huayquerías Formation Arroyo Chasicó Formation Río Mayo Formation Honda Group La Venta fauna Collón Curá Formation Río Frías Formation Santa Cruz Formation Colhué Huapí Member
Paleogene	Deseado Formation Abanico Formation Tinguiririca fauna Divisadero Largo Formation Sarmiento Formation Lake Musters Casamayor Formation Itaboraí Formation Río Chico Group Salamanca Formation Punta Peligro Santa Lucía Formation Tiupampa fauna