PAPOLA

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

PAPOLA

Identifiers

Aliases

PAPOLA, PAP, poly(A) polymerase alpha, PAP-alpha

External IDs

OMIM: 605553; MGI: 109301; HomoloGene: 23389; GeneCards: PAPOLA; OMA:PAPOLA - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 14 (human)^[1]

Band	14q32.2	Start	96,501,433 bp^[1]
Band	14q32.2	End	96,567,116 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 12 (mouse)^[2]

Band	12\|12 E	Start	105,750,953 bp^[2]
Band	12\|12 E	End	105,805,203 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

epithelium of colon

Epithelium of choroid plexus

ventricular zone

ganglionic eminence

Achilles tendon

mucosa of sigmoid colon

bone marrow cells

body of pancreas

endometrium

jejunal mucosa

Top expressed in

genital tubercle

tail of embryo

yolk sac

ventricular zone

neural layer of retina

abdominal wall

dermis

islet of Langerhans

spermatid

decidua

More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity nucleotide binding nucleotidyltransferase activity manganese ion binding metal ion binding protein binding RNA binding ATP binding magnesium ion binding polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
Cellular component	cytoplasm nucleoplasm nucleus
Biological process	mRNA splicing, via spliceosome termination of RNA polymerase II transcription RNA 3'-end processing mRNA processing mRNA polyadenylation mRNA 3'-end processing regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing RNA polyadenylation
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


10914


18789

Ensembl


ENSG00000090060


ENSMUSG00000021111

UniProt


P51003


Q61183

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001252006 NM_001252007 NM_001293627 NM_001293628 NM_001293632
NM_032632 NM_001363662 NM_001363664 NM_001363665 NM_001363666


NM_011112 NM_001347440

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001238935 NP_001238936 NP_001280556 NP_001280557 NP_001280561
NP_116021 NP_001350591 NP_001350593 NP_001350594 NP_001350595


NP_001334369 NP_035242

Location (UCSC)

Chr 14: 96.5 – 96.57 Mb

Chr 12: 105.75 – 105.81 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Poly(A) polymerase alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAPOLA gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

PAPOLA binds to FIP1L1 (Factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1), a subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 (CPSF1) complex. This complex polyadenylates the 3' end of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNA) (see CPSF). CPSF1 is an RNA processing protein that binds to uracil-rich sequences in pre-mRNA, binds with and stimulates PAPOLA's Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity, and thereby adds adenylyl residues to pre-mRNA. This poly-adenylyl action increases pre mRNA's maturation and movement from the nucleus to cytoplasm while dramatically increasing the stability of the mRNA formed from pre-mRNA: FIP1L1 is a Pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing factor. FIP1L1 gene fusions between it and either the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha (PGDFRA) or Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) genes are causes of certain human diseases associated with pathologically increased levels of blood eosinophils and/or Leukemias.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000090060 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021111 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A (Mar 1994). "Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (3): 979–83. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91..979T. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.979. PMC 521437. PMID 8302877.
^ Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M (Sep 1999). "Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence". J Hum Genet. 44 (4): 253–5. doi:10.1007/s100380050154. PMID 10429366.
^ "Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha".
^ "FIP1L1 factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".

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Pendurthi UR, Alok D, Rao LV (1997). "Binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor induces alterations in gene expression in human fibroblast cells: up-regulation of poly(A) polymerase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (23): 12598–603. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9412598P. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12598. PMC 25051. PMID 9356495.
Varani L, Gunderson SI, Mattaj IW, et al. (2000). "The NMR structure of the 38 kDa U1A protein - PIE RNA complex reveals the basis of cooperativity in regulation of polyadenylation by human U1A protein". Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (4): 329–35. doi:10.1038/74101. PMID 10742179. S2CID 13432764.
Mouland AJ, Coady M, Yao XJ, Cohen EA (2002). "Hypophosphorylation of poly(A) polymerase and increased polyadenylation activity are associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr expression". Virology. 292 (2): 321–30. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1261. PMID 11878934.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Kim H, Lee JH, Lee Y (2003). "Regulation of poly(A) polymerase by 14-3-3epsilon". EMBO J. 22 (19): 5208–19. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg486. PMC 204469. PMID 14517258.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, et al. (2004). "A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway". Nat. Cell Biol. 6 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1038/ncb1086. PMID 14743216. S2CID 11683986.
Kaufmann I, Martin G, Friedlein A, et al. (2005). "Human Fip1 is a subunit of CPSF that binds to U-rich RNA elements and stimulates poly(A) polymerase". EMBO J. 23 (3): 616–26. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600070. PMC 1271804. PMID 14749727.
Dettwiler S, Aringhieri C, Cardinale S, et al. (2005). "Distinct sequence motifs within the 68-kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im mediate RNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 279 (34): 35788–97. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403927200. PMID 15169763.
Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, et al. (2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Res. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMC 442148. PMID 15231748.
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, et al. (2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130–5. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112130B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.

PDB gallery

1f5a: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN POLY(A) POLYMERASE
1q78: Crystal structure of poly(A) polymerase in complex with 3'-dATP and magnesium chloride
1q79: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN POLY(A) POLYMERASE