Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking
"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" by American poet Walt Whitman is one of his most complex and successfully integrated poems. Whitman used several new techniques in the poem. One is the use of images like bird, boy, sea. The influence of music is also seen in opera form. Some critics have taken the poem to be an elegy mourning the death of someone dear to him. The basic theme of the poem is the relationship between suffering and art. It shows how a boy matures into a poet through his experience of love and death. Art is a sublimation of frustrations and death is a release from the stress and strains caused by such frustrations. The language is similar to "There Was a Child Went Forth".
Overview
The poem features a young boy walking on the beach who finds two mockingbirds nesting and watches them. The female bird fails to appear one day, and the male bird cries out for her. The bird's cries create an awakening in the boy who translates what the male is saying in the rest of the poem. As this happens, the boy recognizes the impact of nature on the human soul and his own burgeoning consciousness.[1]
Publication history
Originally titled "A Child's Reminiscence", the poem was first published in the Saturday Press on December 24, 1859.[2] The newspaper included this introduction: "Our readers may, if they choose, consider as our Christmas or New Year's present to them, the curious warble by Walt Whitman".[3]
The poem was later included in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass[4] under the title "A Word Out of the Sea" (and occasionally erroneously referred to, even by Whitman himself, as "A Voice Out of the Sea").[5] "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" is found in the title section, Sea-Drift. Several of Whitman's individuals poems, including "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking", focus on the seashore; his first was "A Sketch".[6]
Analysis and response
Upon its first publication, a reviewer for the Cincinnati newspaper Daily Commercial called the poem "unmixed and hopeless drivel" and a disgrace to its publisher.[3] Shortly after, on January 7, 1860, the Saturday Press published a response to that review titled "All About a Mocking-Bird", celebrating Whitman's poem.[7] This article may have been written by Whitman himself.[3][7]
References
- ^ Bauerlein, Mark. The Walt Whitman Archive http://www.whitmanarchive.org/criticism/current/encyclopedia/entry_43.html
- ^ Genoways, Ted. Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America's Poet During the Lost Years of 1860–1862. University of California Press, 2009: 19. ISBN 978-0-520-25906-5
- ^ a b c Kaplan, Justin. Walt Whitman: A Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1980: 241. ISBN 0-671-22542-1
- ^ Walt Whitman Archive
- ^ Traubel, Horace; Schmidgall, Gary (2001). Intimate with Walt: selections from Walt Whitman's conversations with Horace Traubel, 1888-1892. University of Iowa Press. p. 29. ISBN 9780877457671.
- ^ Loving, Jerome. Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself. University of California Press, 1999: 84. ISBN 0-520-22687-9
- ^ a b Loving, Jerome. Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself. University of California Press, 1999: 237. ISBN 0-520-22687-9
- v
- t
- e
(1855–1892)
- "Come Up from the Fields Father" (1865)
- "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry" (1855)
- "Hush'd Be the Camps To-Day" (1865)
- "I Sing the Body Electric" (1855)
- "A Noiseless Patient Spider" (1891)
- "O Captain! My Captain!" (1865)
- "One Hour to Madness and Joy" (1860)
- "One's Self I Sing" (1867)
- "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" (1859)
- "Patrolling Barnegat" (1856)
- "Pioneers! O Pioneers!" (1865)
- "Prayer of Columbus" (1900)
- "The Sleepers" (1855)
- "Song of Myself" (1855)
- "Song of the Open Road" (1856)
- "This Dust Was Once the Man" (1871)
- "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" (1865)
- List of poems
- Franklin Evans (1842)
- Life and Adventures of Jack Engle (1852)
- Democratic Vistas (1871)
- Passage to India (1871)
- Elegiac Ode (1884)
- Sea Drift (1906)
- A Sea Symphony (1909)
- Ode to Death (1919)
- Morning Heroes (1930)
- Sea Drift (1933)
- Dona nobis pacem (1936)
- Secular Cantata No. 2: A Free Song (1942)
- When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd (1946)
- The Wound-Dresser (1989)
- Lilacs (1996)
- Symphony No. 2 (1999)
- Dooryard Bloom (2004)
honoraria
- Walt Whitman Award
- Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln
- Walt Whitman Birthplace State Historic Site
- Walt Whitman House
- The Long Islander
- Walt Whitman Bridge
- Walt Whitman (Davidson)
- Walt Whitman High School (Maryland)
- Walt Whitman High School (New York)
- Walt Whitman Shops
- Whitman-Walker Health