Miyoshi Nagayoshi

Miyoshi Nagayoshi
三好 長慶
Portrait of Miyoshi Nagayoshi
Head of Miyoshi clan
In office 1549–1564
Succeeded by	Miyoshi Yoshitsugu
Personal details
Born	March 10, 1522 Yamashiro Province, Japan
Died	August 10, 1564(1564-08-10) (aged 42) Kawachi Province, Japan
Spouse	Hatano Tanemichi's daughter
Relations	Miyoshi Yoshikata (brother) Atagi Fuyuyasu (brother) Sogō Kazumasa (brother) Miyoshi Yoshitsugu (adopted son)
Children	Miyoshi Yoshioki
Parents	Miyoshi Motonaga (father) Unknown (mother)
Military service
Allegiance	Miyoshi clan
Rank	Daimyo (Lord)
Battles/wars	Battle of Kyōkōji Many others

Miyoshi Nagayoshi (三好 長慶, March 10, 1522 – August 10, 1564), or Miyoshi Choukei,^[1] eldest son of Miyoshi Motonaga, was a Japanese samurai and powerful daimyō who ruled seven provinces of Kansai.^[2]

Nagayoshi held the court titles of Shūri-dayū (修理太夫) and Chikuzen no Kami (筑前守), and was also known by the more Sinic reading of his name: Chōkei (長慶). During his tenure, the Miyoshi clan would experience a great rise of power, and engage in a protracted military campaign against its rivals, the Rokkaku and the Hosokawa.^[3] He was most known for his role in the political strife in Kyoto in mid 16 AD.^[4]

Biography

After his coming-of-age ceremony, Nagayoshi adopted the name Magojiro Toshinaga and was called the governor of Iga.^[a]

In March 1536, Nagayoshi became a military commander under Hosokawa Harumoto. he attacked the rebellion in Nakajima, Settsu, which was led by Hosokawa Harukuni and the Hongan-ji Temple militant faction leader Shimotsuke Yorimori. However, Nagayoshi was defeated in this battle and fled to Nagamasa Kizawa, and with the support of Miyoshi Nagamasa and Miyoshi Masanaga, he attacked Nakajima and annihilated the rebel forces, which were mostly self-reliant, by July 29.^[6][7][8]

In 1538, Miyoshi Masanaga began to take control of Kyoto after Takahata Naganobu left Kyoto. However, Nagayoshi, was dissatisfied with the fact that his father's former residence in Kyoto had been taken up by the shogun. On January 14 of the following year, Nagayoshi, who was in Koshimizu Castle in Settsu Province, went to Kyoto, and the next day accompanied Hosokawa Harumoto to the shogunate.^[b] During these periods from 1530s, the conflict between Nagayoshi and Masanaga occured is said to have been due to Masanaga's control of Kyoto and the extent of Masanaga's influence over Harumoto after the deaths of Katsukuken Shūsō and Kizō Nagamasa. This bad terms against Masanaga also extents colleagues of Nagayoshi, such asTakabatake Naganobu and Yanagimoto Mototoshi, who also resented the influence of Masanaga.^[9]

Rise to power

In 1539, Nagayoshi had been asked by the shogunate to send troops to support Akamatsu Harumasa during his aforementioned visit to Kyoto, and Nagayoshi's subordinate Miyoshi Tsunemori sent troops.^[9] In return, Nagayoshi asked to be appointed governor of the 17 places in Kawachi Province in June of the same year, and the shogunate agreed.^[c] Thus Nagayoshi then led his army to enter Kyoto for the first time.^[1]

Later in April, Nagayoshi chose Masanaga, who was in seclusion in Tanba Province, to go into Kyoto at the will of Hosokawa Harumoto. On July 14, peace talks ended in failure, and Nagayoshi and Masanaga engaged in a small-scale battle near Myoshinji Temple. On July 28, Nagayoshi, fearing that he would make enemies of the daimyo such as Rokkaku clan and Takeda clan, accepted the peace agreement and retreated from Yamazaki, on the border between Settsu and Yamashiro. In the end, he was not given the magistrate position to control the 17 regions. Later in August, he entered Koshimizu Castle in Settsu. Until then, the heads of the Miyoshi clan had always based themselves in Awa, and there were cases where they would retreat to Shikoku and try to make a comeback when they found themselves in political or military difficulties in the Kinai region, but after Nagayoshi entered the castle and never returned to Awa for the rest of his life, and instead established Settsu as his new base.^[10] After this, Nagayoshi became the deputy governor of Settsu Province and began serving the shogunate. Even as a subordinate vassal, the political power of Nagayoshi had grown to the point that he could essentially commanded the shogun himself to lead the armies from Settsu, Kawachi, Hokuriku, and Ōmi Province to Kyoto, posing a threat to his true superior, Harumoto.^[11][12][13]

On December 15 1540, Nagayoshi married the daughter of Hatano Hidetada from the Hatano clan, the lord of Yakami Castle.^[14] Later, around September 1541, Nagayoshi changed his name from Toshinaga to Norinaga, and in June of that year, Nagayoshi independently collected coin taxes from Tsuga Manor in Ubara County, which prompted a protest from Harumoto, since Harumoto had placed his close aide, Iwa Michisuke, in charge of collecting the tax. However, Nagayoshi ignored this, and proceed the tax collection in Shimo District of Settsu Province (Toshima District, Southern Kawabe District, Muko District, Ubara District, and Yabe District). This caused the taxes were collected twice as Nagayoshi and Michisuke collect the tax separately, which deepened Nagayoshi's conflict with Harumoto. However, Nagayoshi's influence, which controlled Koshimizu Castle, which had jurisdiction over Nishinomiya, the central city of Shimo District, was gradually extending to the local lords and peasants of Shimo District.^[15]

Kizawa Nagamasa, who rebelled against Harumoto Hosokawa, went to Kyoto and pursued Shogun Yoshiharu and Harumoto, so the Shugodai (military governor) of Kawachi, Yusa Naganori, expelled Hatakeyama Masakuni, another Kawachi Shugodai who Nagamasa had supported, and welcomed his brother Hatakeyama Tanenaga, and declared his support for Nagayoshi. As a result, on March 17, the following year (1542), Nagamasa fought at Taiheiji against Nagamasa in an attempt to attack Kawachi Takaya Castle. Nagamasa defeated and killed by Naganori, who had been joined by reinforcements from Masanaga and Nagayoshi in the ensuing battle.^[16][17][18] As a result of this battle, the Kizawa clan, which had been in power in the Kinai region for the past ten years, fell, and the power of Nagayoshi became even stronger.^[19]

in 1547, an account from Ashikaga Kiseiki chronicle has stated Nagayoshi emerged triumphant in a battle against Harumoto, where 900 of his pike armed soldiers inflicted hundred of casualties to Harumoto's troops.^[20] After Ashikaga Yoshiharu defeat, Hosokawa Harumoto's return to Kyoto, and Nagayoshi made peace with Yusa Naganori and others through Sadayori's mediation, Nagayoshi took Naganori's daughter as his second wife. It is said that this was a political marriage in the previous peace talks.^[21][22][23]

In 1548, on the 12th of the month, Nagayoshi asked Hosokawa Harumoto to pursue and kill Miyoshi Masanaga and his son, but his request was not accepted, so on October 28th, he joined forces with his former enemies, Hosokawa Ujitsuna and Yusa Naganori, and rebelled against Harumoto, sending troops to the 17 regions in Kawachi where they had a rivalry, and besieged Enokami Castle, where Miyoshi Masakatsu was holed up. Nagayoshi's actions were called "Miyoshi Chikuzen no Kami (Nagayoshi) Treason" by Rokkaku Sadayori, who was on Harumoto's side.^[24] This conflict caused political turmoil in Kyoto as it also forced shogun Ashikaga Yoshiharu, who were just 2 years before returned to Kyoto, now flee again from the city.^[4][d]

In February of the following year, 1549, Nagayoshi beat the alliance of Hosokawa Harumoto, Miyoshi Masakatsu, and the Rokkaku clan, forcing them to retreat. Harumoto fled to Sakamoto in Omi Province with Ashikaga Yoshiharu and Yoshiteru. Nagayoshi supported Hosokawa Ujitsuna as his lord in place of Harumoto, and entered Kyoto on July 9th. Six days later, on the 15th, he left Ujitsuna behind and returned to Settsu, where Itami Chikaoki, a supporter of Harumoto, was holed up.^[26][27][28] On June 24, Nagayoshi defeated Masanaga at the Battle of Eguchi in Settsu.^[29][30] This put Harumoto, who supported Masanaga, in a bad position, and on the 28th of the same month, Yoshiteru and Yoshiharu, accompanied by Harumoto, escaped from Kyoto along with Konoe Tanei and Kuga Harumichi, and sought refuge in Omi Sakamoto, relying on Rokkaku Sadayori.^[30][29][31] Six days later, on the 15th, Nagayoshi left Ujitsuna behind and returned to Settsu, where Harumoto's supporter Itami Chikaoki was holed up. In March of the 19th year of Tenbun (1550), Nagayoshi captured the castle with the help of Yusa Naganori, and pacified Settsu Province.^[26][27][28]

In late December of 1550, Nagayoshi finally subdued the Nagao castle, which was the last stronghold of the forces of Ashikaga Yoshiteru.^[1] This effectively led to the collapse of the Hosokawa government, and the birth of the "Miyoshi clan government".^[26][27][28]

Miyoshi clan domination

In March 1551, Nagayoshi faced two failed assassination attempts, planned by Yoshiteru. Later, On the night of March 7, Nagayoshi invited Ise Sadayoshi to the Kisshoin camp for a drinking party, and an arson incident occurred in attempt to harm Nagayoshi. On the 14th day of the same month, Nagayoshi was invited to the Ise residence and was attacked by a shogunate official, Shinji Kenko, and injured. The next morning, Miyoshi Masakatsu and Kozai Motonari, both of Harumoto's side, set fire to the Higashiyama area.^[32] On May 5, Nagayoshi's ally and his wife's adoptive father, Yusa Naganori, was assassinated by the Jishu monk Shuami, to whom he had revered.^[33] On July 14, Nagayoshi sent a large army of 40,000 soldiers gathered from Settsu, Awa, Izumi and other provinces under the command of Matsunaga Hisahide and his brother, Matsunaga Nagayori, to engage the army of Hosokawa Harumoto in the battle Shokoku-ji Temple in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. Hisahide and Nagayori surrounded Shokoku-ji Temple with a large army of 40,000 men. After fighting that lasted until dawn in July 15, the Shokoku-ji Temple was set ablaze. As a result of this battle, Yoshiteru and Harumoto were unable to return to Kyoto by force, and Rokkaku Sadayori, who supported them, began peace negotiations..^{[34][35][36][37]}

In 1552, peace agreement was made on the condition that Ashikaga Yoshiteru would come to Kyoto. Yoshiteru came to Kyoto on January 28th, and Nagayoshi came to Kyoto on February 26th, where he was given the status of a retainer of the Hosokawa clan and became a direct retainer of the shogunate instead of a vassal of the Hosokawa clan. The shogunate was now headed by Yoshiteru the shogun, and Hosokawa Harumoto became Kanrei. However, the de facto power still actually held by Nagayoshi who now control the government of Shognate unofficially.^[38][39][40] For the next five years, Yoshiteru stayed in Kutsuki, and Kyoto was practically under the control of Nagayoshi. Meanwhile, Nagayoshi himself working to pacify several oppositions such as when he besiege the Mount Akutagawa Castle and capture it. After Akutagawa Magojuro's downfall, Nagayoshi moved into the Castle of Mount Akutagawa and made it his residence. While Koshimizu Castle was the political base of Shimogori, Akutagawa Castle had risen from a political base of Kamigori in Settsu to a central goverment of the Kinai region for the Hosokawa government during the reign of Takakuni and Harumoto, and Nagayoshi took over as its base.^[41] He also negotiated with the Imperial Court and repaired the earthwalls of the castle. After that, the Miyoshi army was active in military activities, with the Matsunaga brothers dispatching troops to Tamba in 1553 and Miyoshi Nagatsu dispatching troops to Harima in 1554.^[42][43][44]

In June 1558, Yoshiteru, accompanied by Hosokawa Harumoto, Miyoshi Masakatsu, and Kozai Motonari, moved to recapture Kyoto, and engaged in battle with the Miyoshi forces at Shogunyama Castle, where the battle of Kitashirakawa occured. The Miyoshi forces gain the field advantage when the forces of his uncle Miyoshi Yasunaga, Miyoshi Sanekyu, Ataka Fuyuyasu, and Togawa Kazutoshi, led by his three younger brothers, crossed the sea to Settsu, and Rokkaku Yoshikata, realizing that he could not fully support Yoshiteru, attempted to make peace.^[35] Later, Nagayoshi banished Ashikaga Yoshiteru from Kyoto.^[2] on November 30, after the assassination of Yusa Naganori, Yasumi Munefusa (Naomasa), who was appointed as the new shugodai (military governor), banished Hatakeyama Takamasa to Kii Province. In response to this development, Nagayoshi ordered Matsunaga Hisahide to march to Izumi Province on May 29, 1559, but he was defeated by Yasumi's Negoro-shu, and Hisahide retreated to Settsu Province. Nagayoshi joined Hisahide and advanced to Kawachi on June 26 with a large army of 20,000. On August 1, he took Takaya Castle, and on August 4, he took Imoriyama Castle, and restored Takamasa as Kawachi shugo. He banished Munefusa to Yamato Province and appointed Yukawa Naomitsu, who had been in league with him, as shugodai. Hisahide also marched to Yamato on the pretext of pursuing Munefusa, and began his conquest of Yamato from Shigisan Castle, which stands near the border between Kawachi and Yamato.^[45][46][47]

In 1560, Nagayoshi moved his castle from Akutagawayama Castle to Iimoriyama Castle. He handed over Akutagawayama Castle to his son, Yoshinaga (Yoshioki).^[48][e][f] On March 30, 1561, he welcomed Yoshiteru to his own residence as Shogun, and on May 6, at Yoshiteru's recommendation, he made peace with Hosokawa Harumoto and welcomed him to Fumon-ji Temple in Settsu. His eldest son, Yoshioki, was also promoted to Junior Fourth Rank and a member of the Gosoubanshu that same year, and the preferential treatment of the Miyoshi family by the shogunate and imperial court continued. By this year, Nagayoshi's sphere of influence had expanded to 10 provinces, including Kawachi and Yamato, in addition to the eight provinces mentioned above, and he had also strengthened his control over two counties in eastern Iyo and southern Yamashiro. In the face of Nagayoshi's great influence, many daimyo, such as the Kono clan of Iyo, established friendly relations with Nagayoshi.^[51][52][53] During this year, Nagayoshi also met with jesuit missionary Vilela and issued Shogun's privilege patent for him.^[1]

Renewed conflicts & final years

in April 1561, Nagayoshi's decline began when his younger brother, Togawa Kazumasa, died suddenly.]^[54] This weakened Izumi's control (Izumi Kishiwada Castle was a retained castle), and taking advantage of this gap, Hatakeyama Takamasa and Rokkaku Yoshikata, with Hosokawa Harumoto's second son Haruyuki as their leader, raised an army in July and attacked the Miyoshi clan from the north and south. This battle continued until 1562, when Miyoshi Saneyasu was defeated and killed by Takamasa on March 5 in the series of Battles of Kumeda.^{[55][56][57][58]}

On 19–20 May of 1562, the battle of Kyōkōji was won by Nagayoshi over Hatakeyama Takamasa.

Following his death, Nagayoshi was succeeded by his adopted son, Yoshitsugu (the son of Sogō Kazunari, his younger brother). Nagayoshi died in Iimoriyama Castle in 1564.^[59]

Personal info

Historical evaluations of Miyoshi Nagayoshi tends to be fluctuates each periods change. There are references to Miyoshi Nagayoshi in books such as "Asakura Soteki Waki," "Koyo Gunkan," "Hojo Godaiki," and "Todai-ki.", which portray Nagayoshi in a favorable light, and "Hojo Godaiki" places him on the same level as warlords of the following Sengoku period such as Oda Nobunaga, Akechi Mitsuhide, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.^[60]

However, mid-Edo period onwards were less generous to Nagayoshi as the historiographies during this period began to associate the treacherous nature of his vassal, Matsunaga Hisahide with him.^[61] And compared to the so-called "Three Unifiers of Japan"(Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, & Tokugawa Ieyasu) Nagayoshi's existence in historical records gradually fell into obscurity, and he was not even mentioned in Tanaka Yoshinari's "Ashikaga Jidai-shi" and "Oda Jidai-shi".^[62] For long time, the prevailed opinions of Miyoshi Nagayoshi assessments tends to judge him as a mediocre ruler who allowed Matsunaga Hisahide to monopolize and tyranny, and was overthrown by his superiors.^[g] Furthermore, he was always compared to the "innovative" and "progressive style" of Oda Nobunaga reign, and is labeled as an old guards who are too conservative and cannot adapt to the rapid political changes and upheavals.^[64]

Modern historians reassessments

However, modern history researchers reevaluate and challenged the negative and obscure view of Nagayoshi,^[65] as historians argued that this bias also because if compared to the Takeda clan, Hōjō clan, and Mōri clan, the Miyoshi clan and their lords, the Hosokawa Kyotosho family, only have fewer historical documents.^[66] also caused earlier historical researches tends to favor formers than Miyoshi Nagayoshi, although documents issued by Nagayoshi's vassals, such as Okonogi Munekuni, remain in a fair number of places, mainly temples and shrines in Kyoto.^[67] Furthermore, Amano also stated that such assessments of Nagayoshi's "weak character" were completely inappropriate, based on a lack of understanding of the common sense of the Sengoku (Warring states) period.^[68] Modern reevaluators such as Akira Imatani, Amano Tadayuki, or Yamada Yasuhiro published several books on the Miyoshi government and the final period of the Muromachi shogunate, which had close ties to it, has renewed the academic interests to research further about the topic of Nagayoshi and the Miyoshi clan reign before Nobunaga.^[69]

Thus, the modern era historians of Sengoku period was now further examine that Miyoshi Nagayoshi was actually a capable Sengoku-era leader, with some kind of "proto-Nobunaga" characteristic as he implemented several which were though as innovative during his time.^[65][70][71] Like Oda Nobunaga, Nagayoshi had his eye on the economic power of Sakai, as the wealth of the city econmy and tradinf there allowed him to easily obtain huge military expenses and military supplies. Nagayoshi also had connections with local samurai in the Hosokawa domain area since his great-grandfather Miyoshi Yukinaga and his father Motonaga, and the military power of Shikoku, ruled by his capable younger brothers, especially the powerful navy, and the excellent personal talent of Nagayoshi added to the military power of the Miyoshi army at its peak. In addition, the Miyoshi family's sense of kinship had been strong since Awa was called Ogasawara, and therefore during the time of Nagayoshi, his younger brothers firm defense of Awa enabled him to advance into other regions.^[72] In retrospect, the strong connection between Nagayoshi with wealthy merchants and tea masters also somewhat contribute to him military, such as when Nagayoshi manage to escape from Hosokawa Ujitsuna's army with the help of citizens of Sakai.^[73] Modern political theorists John Ferejohn and Frances McCall Rosenbluth also saw the achievement of Nagayoshi in 1547 over his former lord, Hosokawa Harumoto, were quite overlooked in the study of late Sengoku-period. They also saw how militarily Nagayoshi manage to maintain high standard and discipline of his soldiers were the key of his success.^[20]

Further Shoichi Nagae also saw that the case of Nagayoshi's rise to power were though as a model of overthrowing the ruling class and old regimes, although apart from asserting his own interests, Nagayoshi is still a man of integrity who respects old traditions and order, based on how he often does not pursued and annihilate the losing enemies such as Ashikaga Yoshiteru.^[74]

Nevertheless, Akira Imatani also gave his own opinion that the weakness of Nagayoshi leadership is he was too generous and tolerant in dealing with the "problematic Shogun". Imatani drew parallel here with how Nobunaga dealing against Ashikaga Yoshiaki with heavy hands and more severely was more effective and reasonable from military perspective than how Nagayoshi dealing with the opposition from Ashikaga Yoshiteru.^[75]

In contrast with Imatani and Nagae, Thomas D. Conlan saw Nagayoshi as usurper and deem him as "brutal conqueror of Kyoto",^[4] while John Whitney Hall called him as "treacherous yet valorous" for his reign after his grand entrance on Kyoto in 1539.^[1] On the other hand, other western historians such as George Elison and Bardwell L Smith also saw that Nagayoshi was not a solely a military man, as he also balanced his military achievements with his literary & cultural appropriations such as his promotions of Japanese tea ceremony masters and Renga poetries.^[76]

Allan Grapard thought that Nagayoshi has converted to christianity by a Jesuit missionary, Gaspar Vilela.^[77] However, historian Hiroshi Sugiyama pointed out the historical records that he did not convert to christian, although he tolerated the missionary activities and many of his vassals converted. Sugiyama suggested that Nagayoshi was just like Nobunaga, who was tolerant with new system of faiths and out of curiosity.^[78]

Family

• Father: Miyoshi Motonaga
• Mother: Unknown
• Siblings:
  • Miyoshi Yoshikata
  • Atagi Fuyuyasu
  • Sogō Kazumasa
• Wives
  • Hatano Tanemichi's daughter
• Children
  • Miyoshi Yoshioki

Appendix

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

• Allan Grapard (2023). The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History (in Japanese). University of California Press. p. 241. ISBN 0520910362. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
• Amano, Tadayuki (2014). 三好長慶 諸人之を仰ぐこと北斗泰山 [Miyoshi Nagayoshi: People look up to him as Mount Taizo of the North Star]. ミネルヴァ書房. ISBN 978-4-623-07072-5.
• Amano, Tadayuki (2015). 増補版 戦国期三好政権の研究 [Research on the Miyoshi Government in the Sengoku Period, Expanded Edition]. 清文堂. ISBN 978-4-7924-1039-1.
• Imatani, Akira (2007). 戦国三好一族 天下に号令した戦国大名. MC新書. 洋泉社. ISBN 978-4-86248-135-1.
• Imatani, Akira; Amano, Tadayuki (2013). 三好長慶 [Nagayoshi Miyoshi]. 宮帯出版社. p. 118. ISBN 978-4-86366-902-4.
• Enohara, Masaharu; Shimizu, Katsuyuki (2017). 室町幕府将軍列伝 [Biographies of the Shoguns of the Muromachi Shogunate]. 戎光祥出版.* Katsuhiko, Fukushima (2009). 戦争の日本史 [Japanese War History]. 畿内・近国の戦国合戦. Vol. 11. 吉川弘文館.
• John Ferejohn; Frances McCall Rosenbluth (2010). War and State Building in Medieval Japan. Stanford University Press. pp. 149, 170 glossary. ISBN 9780804774314. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
• L. Smith (2021). Elison, George (ed.). Warlords, Artists and Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century. University of Hawaii Press. p. 47. ISBN 0824844920. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
• Sugiyama, Hiroshi (1971). 日本の歴史 11．戦国大名 [History of Japan 11. Sengoku Daimyo]. 中公バックス. 中央公論新社. p. 276–278. {{cite book}}: Text "中央公論社" ignored (help)
• D. Conlan, Thomas (2024). Kings in All But Name: The Lost History of Ouchi Rule in Japan, 1350-1569. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 0197677339. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
• Tadayuki, Amano (2021). 三好一族―戦国最初の「天下人」 [The Miyoshi Clan: The First "Ruler of Japan" of the Warring States Period]. 中公新書 2665. 中央公論新社. ISBN 978-4-12-102665-1.（electronic version available）
• Shoichi, Nagae (1968). 三好長慶. 人物叢書. 吉川弘文館. ISBN 978-4-642-05154-5.
• Shoichi, Nagae (1989). 三好長慶. 人物叢書 (新装版 ed.). 吉川弘文館. p. 116-122. ISBN 978-4-642-05154-5.
• Iimoriyama jo to Miyoshi Nagayoshi(Iimoriyama Castle and Miyoshi Nagayoshi) 『飯盛山城と三好長慶』　仁木宏,中井均,中西裕樹　(戎光祥出版 2015) ISBN 4864031770
• Miyoshi Nagayoshi 『三好長慶』 人物文庫　(学陽書房2010) Tokunaga Shinichirō ISBN 4313752609
• Whitney Hall, John (1991). The Cambridge History of Japan, Volume 4 (reprint). Cambridge University Press. p. 319. ISBN 0521223555. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
• Yamada, Yasuhiro (2019). 足利義輝・義昭 天下諸侍、御主に候 [Ashikaga Yoshiteru and Yoshiaki: Lords of the Samurai Under Heaven]. ミネルヴァ日本評伝選. ミネルヴァ書房. ISBN 4623087913.

External links

• Miyoshi family tree and information (Japanese)
• Data on the roots of Miyoshi Nagayoshi (Japanese)

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