Kairō

Kairō (回廊 or 廻廊), bu (廡), sōrō or horō (歩廊) is the Japanese version of a cloister, a covered corridor originally built around the most sacred area of a Buddhist temple, a zone which contained the kondō and the tō. Nowadays it can be found also at Shinto shrines and at shinden-zukuri aristocratic residences.^[1]

The kairō and the rōmon were among the most important among the garan elements which appeared during the Heian period.^[2] The first surrounded the holiest part of the garan, while the second was its main exit. Neither was originally characteristic of Shinto shrines, but in time they often came to replace the traditional shrine surrounding fence called tamagaki.^[2] The earliest example of a kairō/rōmon complex can be found at Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū, a shrine now but a former shrine-temple (神宮寺).^[3] The rōmon is believed to have been built in 886, and the kairō roughly at the same time. Itsukushima Jinja is an example of the mature form of the complex.

Two types of kairō exist, one 1-bay wide and another 2-bay wide, the bay being the space between two pillars. The first is by far the most common.

Tanrō

The 1-bay wide type is supported by just two rows of pillars and is therefore called tanrō (単廊, lit. single corridor). Typical windows called renjimado (連子窓) (see gallery) let air and light in.

Fukurō

The 2-bay wide type is supported by three rows of pillars, is called fukurō (複廊, lit. multiple corridors) and is divided in two identical corridors by a wall (see model in the gallery). Although it is known that several existed at major Buddhist temples, for example at Tōdai-ji, none is extant.^[4] Some fukurō survive however at Shinto shrines.

Gallery

• 
  Drawing of a tanrō
• 
  Drawing of a fukurō
• 
  Model of a fukurō
• 
  Plan of Yakushi-ji with the kairō surrounding the garan
• 
  Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū's fukurō and rōmon
• 
  External view of a kairō's wall with renjimado
• 
  View from the entrance of Zentsū-ji's kairō
• 
  Internal view of Hase-dera's kairō

See also

• Glossary of Shinto

References

Styles

Secular	Azekura Buke Gassho Giyōfū Hirairi Imperial Crown Style Jutaku Omoya Shinden Shoin Sukiya
Religious	Shinto Azekura Hachiman Hiyoshi (Hie) Irimoya Ishi-no-ma Kasuga Kibitsu Nagare Shinmei Sumiyoshi Taisha Buddhist Daibutsuyō Ōbaku Zen Setchūyō Wayō Zenshūyō

Types of building

Secular	Castle Chashitsu Kura Machiya Minka Yagura
Religious	Shinto Haiden Heiden Hokora Honden Kofun Setsumatsusha Shinto shrine Torii Buddhist Butsuden Dō Hōkyōintō Kyōzō Main Hall Pagoda Shichidō garan Shōrō Tahōtō

Roof stylesStructural and spatialRoomsFurnishingsPartitionsOutdoor objectsMeasurementsOrganizationsRelated topics

Groups of Traditional Buildings Iki Japanese garden (rock (Zen)) Kumiko Ryokan Sentō Wabi-sabi Yabo
National Treasures	Castles Residences Shrines Temples Other structures